Importance of elevator maintenance

A lift in the installation and put into operation, due to the installation, maintenance of the limitations of the process, the use of conditions and environmental impact, will inevitably occur in various types of failure.The most common reason is the adjustment of mechanical parts, and the design of the manufacturers to use a variety of protective functions to protect the role of.The former is related to the quality of products, installation and maintenance. In general, the mechanical strength of the mechanical parts is insufficient, the design defects and the displacement result in the displacement. The latter is relatively complex, the operation of the elevator is a complex process, must have the conditions set, starting to lift, under certain conditions, it can run continuously, meet certain conditions, to the normal speed and parking.Therefore, if the elevator is forced to meet the conditions in which it does not have the conditions (such as the cancellation of a detection function or short circuit), there may be some danger.Light will cause further damage to the equipment, causing heavy casualties and other serious accidents.Obviously, how to carry on the correct, timely and thorough maintenance to the elevator equipment is very important.

Elevator maintenance is mainly based on mechanical adjustment, through constant correction of the installation of the nominal size of the parts required to make it in the specified range of normal operation, has reached the standard parts to be scrapped in a timely manner to be replaced;At the same time the necessary cleaning, moving parts and structural parts lubrication and anti rust and to safety, prolong the service life of equipment maintenance purpose.For electrical parts, maintenance work needs to maintain its good insulation, to ensure adequate supply of power to the equipment to run.

Elevator maintenance is a comprehensive strong work, should not only include the adjustment and maintenance work not done, according to the fault characteristics and causes of the elevator, combined with the actual situation, the necessity of improving the structure and performance of the elevator.

A qualified elevator maintenance, in addition to the working principle of the elevator to fully understand, but also must have good mechanical capability (fitter, welder), a considerable understanding of the principle of electrical, electronic technology need to know and be able to use some of the basic functions.At present, it is more required to master the principles of programmable control, digital circuits, microelectronics technology and application, but also to understand the deeper understanding of the principle and application of scm.So, in the full understanding of the elevator fault situation, according to the working principle of the elevator, the elevator according to his knowledge, work flow, analyze the causes of failure and failure scope may exist, in accordance with the vision inspection steps and observed presence of failure state, gradually remove the suspected failure problem, in order to correct to determine the fault point, thorough maintenance.

What's an green elevator

In the beginning there was Archimedes, who in 236 B.C.E. hooked his famous pulleys to the top of a big wooden box and began to pull. Eureka, the elevator was born. Made of locally sourced, sustainably produced materials, his person-powered off-the-grid invention is the distant ancestor of a new crop of eco-friendly elevators now courting the growing green-building market.

Some estimates project that buildings consume about 40% of the world's energy, and elevators account for between 2% and 10% of a building's energy use. The leading elevator manufacturers are rising up to get those numbers down.

What makes an elevator green? Energy consumption is key, but that's just a start. The materials, processes, and technologies that go into the manufacture of an elevator system also count. So too do the choices of interior paints, flooring, control panels, lighting, and HVAC systems. All of these elements can contribute points to a building's overall score for LEED accreditation by the U.S. Green Building Council. Here is a snapshot of how the major elevator makers are addressing these design elements.

Machine-Room-Less Technology

Introduced in the mid-1990s, machine-room-less (MRL) technology was one of the biggest advances in elevator design since they went electric a century before. Miniaturization has made it feasible to house the MRL machinery right in the elevator shaft rather than in a costly rooftop machine room. Incorporating a gearless traction design, MRL elevators in some cases can use up to 80% less energy than hydraulic lifts, without the expense and environmental headaches of oil-filled underground hydraulic cylinders.

KONE, Inc. (Moline, IL) introduced the first MRL elevator and places so much stock in the technology that the company discontinued manufacturing hydraulic elevators altogether. Its EcoSpace MRL elevator design incorporates a low-friction, gearless hoisting apparatus that prevents wear and reduces energy consumption by half compared to a geared system.

Regenerative Drives

Green elevators don't just stop with reducing energy consumption — some of them give back much of what they take. Regenerative drive systems recover energy that would normally be dissipated as heat and put it back into the building's electrical system. Not only does the technology produce power for lighting and air conditioning, it also saves money by reducing the need for machine-room cooling. Regenerative drives reduce power consumption during peak periods, contributing to a building's overall operational bottom line. Most of the major players offer this technology.

Control Features

It's a matter of physics: elevators without very many passengers aboard require more energy due to the weight differential between the elevator and its counterweight. A major goal of green elevator technology is to cut down on these light loads through precision traffic control, management of interior lighting and other energy-burning factors.

Novel computerized systems help reduce the number of light-load trips while ensuring that there are enough elevators in operation to provide fast service. Schindler's systems offer an Energy Control Option (ECO) mode that switches unused elevators into standby. If waiting times become too long, the system will activate additional cabs to meet the need. ThyssenKrupp (Memphis, TN) says its Destination Dispatch system improves handling capacity by 15-30%. The system monitors and controls the amount of current delivered to the motor, ensuring the correct level to provide to keep the motor running at full speed. As a result, the motor is protected from peak over-currents, potential overload and sudden power surges.

Outside the box

Green elevator technology isn't limited to what's in the shaft. Companies include external factors in their sustainability bona fides that contribute to a lower overall carbon footprint across the elevator's life cycle while reflecting their green corporate values. Customers considering an elevator vendor can evaluate the energy-efficiency of its manufacturing facilities, service fleet management practices, remote monitoring technologies for early diagnosis of mechanical problems, and other support systems.

Elevators will never again be as eco-neutral as it was back in Archimedes' day, but it's clear that green elevator technology is on the way up.

How to maintain freight elevator

A freight elevator is used to transport bulky and large items throughout the building. The elevators have several benefits.  Mostly it is used in the industrial sector and the business buildings where bulky and heavy items are to be transported. The businesses requiring the transportation of heavy items like machinery, hospital equipment, patient beds, catering trolleys, etc. install the freight elevators for easy transport of these particular items.  These are not only used to transport the freight items but the people can also move up and down using the elevators.

Key Features of Freight Elevators

There are certain key features of freight elevators, which distinguish them from another type of elevators. Some of the key features are discussed as under.  

Slower Speed

The freight elevators have a slower speed as compared to the passenger lifts. These are used to carry bulky and heavy items from the ground floor to the upper floors of a building. The freight elevators usually carry heavy weights, and in order to safeguard the items that you carry the speed is kept slow and steady so that no items are damaged during the transporting procedure. Manual labour cannot be employed in transporting such heavy items, do it is better to use the freight elevators for this job.

Reducing damages

The freight elevators greatly reduce the damage ratio. If the heavy and bulky items are transported by the manual labour, them there are certain chances that the items will be damaged whilst the transporting procedure. These elevators are installed in the buildings to reduce the risk of loss and damage. Moreover, they save time and money.

Average Life Span

The freight elevators have an average lifespan of over 6 years, but if maintained and used properly they can be used for more than 8 years. These elevators should be technically maintained after regular intervals of time. The business owners who have installed these elevators must employ labors to check these machinery off and on.

In addition to its, repair and maintenance, durability and strength of the freight elevator also play and equivalent role in predicting the average lifespan of the elevator. If you install the elevator that is manufactured utilising durable metal from elevator manufacturers and sturdy stuff then it will last longer than expected.

Size of the Elevators  

The business owners need to predict the size of the elevators that they need to install in their business building. These elevators have different sizes, and the size that you have to install depends on upon the type of items that you have to transport.

Home Elevator operation specifications

Home elevator is used in the villa in the most up and down transport, so how do we use them safely?Here we talk about the home elevator safety operation procedures:

（1）The home elevator shall be run on trial before the formal use.Check if there is any strange sound or smell,and make sure  ventilation and lighting is good.

（2）Clean the car cabin and car door and door sill chute, ensure the home elevator door opening and closing regularly.

（3）When the elevator door open, before get into the elevator, we must first observe to ensure the elevator car is in the corresponding position of floor.Rush into the elevator car may cause elevator accident fall if the elevator car is not in the level position.

（4）Home elevator is strictly prohibited overload operation, prohibit transporting over large, over long or unknown weight items.

（5）Confirm whether the landing door, car door is in the closed state. In the normal operation of the elevator, landing doors and car doors should be in a closed state. if found the elevator door is not closed while running, that the elevator is having a fault,.Do not get into the elevator,  prevent the occurrence of shear.

（6）Do not use the triangle key to open the landing door,while the elevator is on running.

（7）Emergency alarm device should be started when faults occur in the elevator operation.Elevator managers should immediately cut off the power supply for household use, timely notification to the elevator maintenance unit for processing.

（8）Operation rules for the rescue of the trapped people in the home elevator:Home elevator administrators or rescue workers should get in touch with the trapped, and make the trapped remains calm, waiting for rescue.The trapped person should not extend their body out the car .Accurately determine the car position, to ensure the reliability of the door closed;Open the car door and the landing door with the triangle key , evacuate the passengers;Close the door, fill in the rescue record and file, notify the elevator maintenance unit for processing.

（9）After the elevator door unlocked by triangle key, it is required to check whether the emergency unlocking device is reliable to reset and prevent the lock from locking.

（10）In case of a fire, it is forbidden to use the elevator to escape.Household elevator management personnel should immediately press the "fire switch", make the home elevator switched into fir-mode running . When the home elevator reached the station,it should immediately divert passengers leave the car.After the elevator managers cut off the power supply of the home elevator, use Insulated fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire.

（11）It is prohibited to take the elevator to escape during an earthquake.Should try to make the home lift stop at the nearest station as soon as possible,and evacuate passengers immediately.Then Elevator management should immediately cut off the power supply.After the earthquake stopped, should ask the elevator maintenance personnel to strictly check or repair the elevator before re put it into operation.

 （12）When the water intake in the elevator shaft,home elevator managers should make the elevator stop at the station above the water and immediately cut off the power supply for household elevator;If the water has already wet the car , it should immediately suspended and cut off the power no matter which floor the car stop at.

Details of the elevator car cabin

⑴Classification of car
①Classification by application
Passenger car cabin, freight car cabin, residential elevator car cabin, bed elevator car cabin, car lift cabin, sightseeing elevator car cabin and sundries elevator car cabin
②by way of opening the door.
Automatic door car, manual door car, semi automatic door car.
③According to the door structure form
Middle door car, double folding or seventy percent off side door cage, hinge door car, straight door cage.
④According to the bottom structure
Fixed cage and movable cage of car.

⑵The composition and general provisions of the car
Elevator car is a metal box frame device for carrying passengers or cargo.
①Car composition
The car is generally made up of the car frame, the bottom of the car, the car wall, the top of the car, the door and the door opening machine.
The car frame is composed of the upper beam, lower beam, column and brace etc..
The upper and lower beams are fixed with a guide shoe, and the car is guided to move up and down along the guide rail, and the horizontal position of the car in the well is maintained.
②General provisions of the car

In order to ensure the function of the car to meet all kinds of requirements, the geometric size of the car has the corresponding requirements.All kinds of car in addition to the internal net height of the ladder is at least 2000mm.

Usually, the net height of the elevator is 2000mm.Passenger lift due to the top of the need for a net height of 2400mm. Residential elevator to meet the handling of the internal height of the furniture is generally 2400mm.The net height of the car door is at least 2000mm.

The car is generally the ratio of width to depth of passenger car width and depth is small, in order to increase the width of door, convenient passenger access.The bed ladder car is to meet the need of carrying bed, the depth is not less than 2500mm, the width is not less than 1600mm. Cargo compartment can be determined according to the delivery object of different width depth dimensions.

③Car baseboard

In order to prevent the car floor or floor to open the door before the end after the car is out of door sill due to shear damage toes, each car sill shall be fitted with baseboard, its width should be equal to the corresponding layer the whole width net station entrance.

④Car wall, car floor and roof structure requirements

The car wall, the car floor and the top of the car shall have sufficient mechanical strength, and shall be fully closed.

⑤Emergency alarm device

In order to make passengers can effectively to the outside car for help in time of need, should be installed in the car passengers can easily be identified and touch alarm device.

⑥Car lighting

Car should be equipped with permanent electrical lighting, so that the lighting on the control device should be not less than 50LX, car floor lighting should not be less than 50LX.

⑦Car top requirements and device on the top of the car

Car top should have a certain mechanical strength, can support two people.Maintenance operation control device, stop switch and power supply socket should be installed on the top of the car.

Details of the traction machine

The elevator traction machine is the power equipment of the elevator, the elevator is also called the host.Function is the transmission and transfer of power to make the elevator running.It consists of motor, brake, clutch, gear box, traction wheel, rack and guide wheel and accessory handwheel etc..The guide wheel is generally installed on the bearing beam of the frame or the frame.Some handwheel is fixed on the motor shaft, there are usually hanging on the wall near the use, and then set on the motor shaft.

classification：

⑴Classification by means of reduction

①Gear traction machine:Driving force,The intermediate reducer transmission to the traction sheave of the traction machine,General for the 2.5m/s below the low speed lift.

②Gearless traction machine:Driving force,No intermediate reducer but directly transferred to the traction sheave of the traction machine,Generally used for more than 2.5m/s of high speed elevator and super high speed elevator.

③Flexible drive mechanism of traction machine.

⑵Classification by drive motor

①DC traction machine,It can be divided into DC gear traction machine and DC gearless machine.

②AC traction machine,It can be divided into toothed AC traction machine, AC gearless traction machine and permanent magnet machine.

⑶Classification by application 

①double speed elevator traction machine

②VVVF passanger elevator traction machine

③Grocery tractor

④machineroomless elevator traction machine

⑤vehicle elevator traction machine

⑷Classification by speed

①Low speed traction machine

②The speed of traction machine (fast traction machine)

③High speed traction machine

④Ultra high speed traction machine

⑸Classification by structure

①horizontal traction machine

②vertical traction machine

Working principle

The installation consists of traction machine in the engine room of a motor and a gear box, brakes, power traction drive.The traction rope connected with a car cabin

through the traction wheel is connected at one end of the counterweight.In order to make the wells in the elevator car and counterweight respectively along the guide shaft running without rubbing, traction machine is placed on the guide wheel to separate the two.The car and counterweight to gravity traction rope pressing friction on the traction wheel groove.In this way, the rotation of the motor drives the traction wheel to rotate, drive the rope, drag the car and the Remaking of relative motion.That is, the car is rising, the weight is falling; the weight is rising, and the car is falling.So, the car is in the well track along the guide rail, under the reciprocating operation, the elevator to carry out the vertical transport task.

Self rescue measures and matters needing attention in the elevator

Elevator to the people living in the city has brought a lot of convenience, but if the elevator is broken, the trapped people need to master the following self-help methods to ensure safety, access to the rescue.

⑴Stay calm and comfort the people who are stuck together, explain to everyone that there is no danger, the elevator will not fall off the elevator.Elevator tank with anti fall safety device, will firmly grip the elevator on both sides of the rail, the safety device will not fail.

⑵Use the alarm or intercom, mobile phone for help, such as no alarm or intercom, mobile phone failure, can shoot the door yelling, such as fear of hand pain, can take off the shoes on, looking for someone to rescue the request immediately.

⑶If you can't find the elevator mechanic right away, please call the people outside to call the fireman.Firefighters usually take the lift or lay down to the nearest floor and open the car door.Even if the power outage, firefighters can use a hand device, the elevator ground under the ground.

⑷If there is no trained rescue personnel on the scene, do not climb out of the elevator.

⑸Don't try to force open the elevator door, even if you can open, it may not reach the door, open the door of the gate to escape and certainly not. The outer wall of the lift oil may make people slip.

⑹Elevator ceiling if there is an emergency exit, do not climb out.The outlet plate once opened, the safety switch makes the elevator motionless.But if the export board accident shut, the elevator could suddenly start is out of balance, in the dark trough elevator, the elevator cables may be tripped, or by stepping on the grease and slip from the top down, lift.

⑺In the night or on the weekend afternoon trapped in the elevator, there may be hours or even a few days no one approached the elevator. In this case, the safest thing is to keep calm, waiting for help.Had better be able to endure hunger and thirst, hot and bitter, keep life, pay attention to listen to the outside of the movement, such as pedestrians through, trying to attract his attention.

⑻Once the elevator appear to fall, you can:

①First, if there is a hand in the elevator, hand hold the hand.

②Second, the entire back with the head close to the wall of the elevator, a straight line.
③Third. The knee is bent.

⑼Children absolutely can not alone by the ladder, which has become a social consensus.The reason why so much emphasis on, because of their age is still small, naughty, naughty nature, love play dangerous games, even love playing the nature, make practical joke, he alone in waiting, press the button caused chaos car stop error;When he was alone in the car, he would touch it at will;Exit doors will be deliberately slow, in the escalator, he will pull the touch, these are likely to cause security risks.Therefore, adults must take up the responsibility of the child's guardian, do not let the child alone by ladder.Moreover, when carrying the child to take the elevator or escalator, adult children to instill safety knowledge to children, to teach him some of the ladder knowledge, education, he does not play on the elevator door or escalator.

The eight system within elevator

1^st  Traction system

The traction system is composed with traction machine，traction rope，guide pulley and suspension sheave.

(1)The traction machine is composed of motor, coupling, reducer, brake, traction wheel base, etc., it is the power source of elevator.

(2)Both ends of the traction rope are connected with car and counterweight (or combined with  the machine room).

(3)The guide pulley is to separate the car and the counterweight .It is Installed on the traction frame or bearing beam.

2^st   Guiding system

The guiding system is composed of guide rail, guide shoe and rail frame.It controls the moving direction of car and the counterweight , so that the car and the counterweight can only move along the guide rail.

（1）The guide rail is fixed on the guide rail frame, and the guide rail frame is a component of the bearing guide rail.

（2）The guide shoe is mounted on the car and on the counterweight frame.

3^st   Door system

Door system is composed of car door,landing door, door opening machine, linkage mechanism, door lock and so on.

（1）The car door in the car entrance, composed of door leaf, door guide rail frame and door shoe etc.

（2）landing door is arranged at the station entrance, composed of door leaf, door guide rail frame ,door shoe, door lock and emergency unlocking device.

（3）The door opening machine is arranged on the car, and it provides the power to open and close the door.

4^st   Car system

The car is to transport passengers or cargo.It is made up of car frame and car body.The car frame is the load-bearing frame of the car body, which is composed of a beam, a column, a bottom beam and an inclined rod.The car body is composed of car bottom, car wall, car top and lighting, car decorative part and control panel.

5^st   Weight balance system

The weight balance system is composed of counterweight and weight compensation devices.

（1）Counterweight is composed of counterweight frame and counterweight filler.

（2）Weight compensation device is to balance the car and traction rope.

6^st   Electric power system

Electric power system is composed of traction machine and power supply system, speed feedback device and speed adjusting device etc.

（1）Traction machine is the power source of elevator.

（2）Power supply system is a device for providing power for electric machine.

（3）The speed feedback device provides the elevator running speed information.

（4）Speed control device is to control speed of the traction machine.

7^st   Electric control system

The electric control system is composed of control device, position display device, control panel, leveling device and level selection device.It is used to manipulate and control the operation of the elevator.

（1）The control device comprises operating box in the car, calling button, inspection Box  in machine room.

（2）The control display is installed in the machine room, which is composed of all kinds of electrical control components.

（3）Position display is to passenger the flo

or number and other information.

（4）The level selection device can indicate and feedback the car position, deciding the running direction, sending out the acceleration or deceleration signal and so on.

 8^st   Security system

Security system Includes various types of mechanical and electrical protection , can be used to ensure the safety of the elevator.